A Brief Biography of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi - 766 Words

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was Indias greatest political and moral leader. He was born in Gujarat on October 2, 1869 and assassinated on January 30, 1948. In his 79 years of lifetime, he was able to accomplish so many things for the discriminated and all of India. His acts and ideologies still affects the world today. He was born in Gujarat on October 2, 1869 to a prime minister of Rajkot and a faithful Hindu woman. His mother Putilbais faith in Hindu affected Gandhi as a child and her teachings led him to become a faithful Hindu himself at a young age. His strong belief in Hinduism later affected and led him through rest of his life. During his college years at the Indian Samilus College, he decides to study abroad in England. The leaders of Hindu opposes this idea because they believed that western culture is a stumbling block to Hindus. Overcoming this opposition, he gets accepted into University College of London and later receives a lawyer license. He not only focused on his studies but also on his personal moral issues. He would travel far places just keep his vegetarian diet that was enforced by the Hindu laws. After achieving his license, he moves back to India to work as a lawyer. Because of fainthearted personality, he would not speak a single word of defense in court. He then moves to South Africa and gets a job in the South African- Indian Trade company. There he sees the Indians getting discriminated by the white people and

Role of Youths in Nation Building Free Essays

â€Å"Youth is that spark which needs no ignition†. Youth is that clay which can be molded in either shape one wants. This is the sole reason for both exploitation and utilization of youth in the destruction and construction of any nation respectively. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Youths in Nation Building or any similar topic only for you Order Now youth is not given a proper chance to prove their potentials in countries like ours, but,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The young†Ã‚  , according to Pearl S. Buck, (a Nobel Laureate in literature)  Ã¢â‚¬Å"do not know enough to be prudent, and therefore they attempt the impossible, and achieve it, generation after generation†. this single quotation of her is sufficient to motivate the whole nation? Or do we still need motivational quotes like the one above to recall our own potentials to attempt the impossible and achieve the success? It seems highly surprising that,  we, the youth fail to display the same enthusiasm in nation’s building which we often display for getting ahead in traffic? Have we really forgotten our responsibility towards our nation or that we are knowingly skipping the tasks to achieve development? It is observed that, the youth who always fight for enjoying their rights, never wish to take up the pains of responsibility. According to me, Indian youth is socially responsible and moreover is working complicatedly to see India attain the developed status. Many educated youth had already realized the necessity of utilizing their skills for the betterment of the society but at the same time, the youth is also misguided to a larger extent by some evil sources making them irresponsible towards the society they live in. It is pathetic but true that, due to many –a-problems that exists in today’s world, youth is highly attracted and/or fancied towards evil sources. As a result, a huge destruction is occurring all over. It is true that, youth is highly amendable, but one must show†¦ [continues] How to cite Role of Youths in Nation Building, Papers

Challenges of International Students-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Challenges International Students Face When Coming to Another Country. Answer: Background of the Study The primary objective of the international students is to achieve the higher education from a foreign country, which provides a better quality of education that the country where the student is born. Receiving the education from a better country helps the students to have a better understanding about the values, beliefs and cultures of the countries, which helps them in serving as an ambassador of culture between the origin country and the foreign country. These types of students are among the best students in the origin country and have a strong set of skills in their respected fields along with better job opportunities after the completion of their educational course (Deresky 2017, pp. 19-27). It is seen that the increase in foreign students in the United States increased to 640,000 in the academic year of 2007-2008, which around 4 percent rise that the previous years. The increase in the number of students indicated that the colleges and universities had competitive advantage on a global scale with respect to diversity and excellence. Most of the foreign students that come to the US and the United Kingdom are Asians where India is one of the largest contributors followed by China and Korea. The North-American and African students constitute of the other part (Wu, Garza and Guzman 2015, pp. 7-14). The African students constitute of about 6 percent of the international student category in the United States and United Kingdom. Africa is one of the oldest and hugely populated continents in the world where it is believed that Egypt is one of the earliest settlements for the human civilization (Teichler 2014, pp. 393-408). The African continent consists of 54 countries and has many natural wonders such as Mount Kilimanjaro and the Sahara desert, which are only a few of the attractions. The continent is monolithic in nature and the international students come from specific regions, which are located in some of the countries (Abdullah, Aziz and Ibrahim 2014, pp. 235-253). Significance of the study The administrators of the universities are of the belief that the workforce that will be educated with respect to political, economic and social development will help the emerging counties in welcoming the international students. The educators also believe that sharing the knowledge will help in enhancing the understanding of the international students as well. The international students will be able to achieve the academic goals through a proper source of cultural diversity from the colleges and universities. Objectives of the study The aims and objectives for the study will be to determine the following:- The challenges that are faced by the international students The strategies that the students adopt to overcome the challenges Research questions The research questions of the study will be as follows:- What are the challenges that the students face when they pursue higher education from international universities? What are the strategies that will help them in overcoming these challenges? Research hypothesis The study will be based on the following hypothesis:- H0: The students do not face any challenges while coming to a foreign country to pursue their education H1: The students mostly adapt themselves to the conditions that are present in the foreign country without any difficulty Purpose of the Study The research study will help in evaluating the factors that the students face in a foreign country along with the factors that help in contributing fort their success. The students who are of European and American backgrounds do not face any challenges in the foreign country while the Asian and the African students feel the changes, as they have different cultural backgrounds. Assumptions for the study While conducting the process of research, the following assumptions were made:- The international students face challenges The students are capable to articulate the challenges The questionnaire sample that will be provided to them will be answered in an honest and truthful manner. Limitation of the study The limitation will be that the participants who will take part in the research process will be asked the same questions in various ways and the responses were triangulated in a proper manner. The in-depth interviews will help the researcher to differentiate the findings based on common threads with respect to reliability and the challenges that the student will face in the foreign country while pursuing higher education. Definitions International student- They will pursue the higher education at a graduate and undergraduate level with the intention to return to the country of origin after the studies are completed. Culture- It is the way of life that people adopts, which constitutes of behaviors, values, beliefs and symbols that are accepted within the society. Culture shock- It is the feeling of isolation and anxiety that is experienced by the person when they encounter another culture. Acculturation- It is the process through which the people of a particular culture adopts the behavior and beliefs of other cultures. Literature Review The review of literature will consist of the challenges that will be faced by the students when they go to a foreign country for pursuing higher education. The challenges are mainly inclusive of the climate and living conditions along with alienation and loneliness, personal, discrimination and stereotypes, proficiency of the language, personal and the financial conditions. The international students will be able to overcome the challenges if they follow the mechanisms such as flexibility, support systems that are available locally, self-determination, motivation, hard work and support from the family (Madge, Rgahuram and Noxolo 2015, pp. 681-701). Climate and Living conditions The international students face many difficulties in adapting to the new time zones and different weather conditions, which is different from the home countries. This is a major challenge, as the students need to adjust their body according to the weather and climatic conditions of the host country. The international students may feel disoriented and confused during the time of adjusting their schedules. The other impact will be that the food, which the students will be exposed to may result in becoming thin for the students (Sawir 2013, pp. 359-378). Alienation and Loneliness The international students may face challenges within the society in the host country, which may result in a sense of loss, as they will be separated from their family and friends. This loss for the student may result in loneliness, loss of confidence and will confuse them in having a leisure period within the new environment (Ploner 2017, pp. 425-444). This results in formation of strong ethnic communities by the international students, which will serve as a particular psychological function. The monocultural communities that are formed by the international students are mainly from the same country, which helps them in staying attached to their cultural and ethnic values. These communities will help the international students to have an academic and professional assistance along with the need for recreations by these students (Sullivan and Kashubeck-West 2015, pp. 1-11). These cultural groups have helped the international students to develop a sense of belonging, as they are exposed to the same cultural systems. The disadvantage is that the international students will become isolated and lose contacts with the students who are from the host country. It is seen that the African students who come to study in other countries are selective in choosing their groups, which will help them in achieving their academic goals along with preserving their cultures as well (Wallace and Dunn 2013, pp. 27-52). Personal The extents of the challenges that are present in the society have different opinions with respect to differences in their personality along with the social stigmas that are present and the experiences in prejudice. The international students need to show more extraversion, which will help them in maintaining and developing new relationships through the support networks that are present in the society. Extraversion will help in understanding the openness and creativity along with a level of sensitivity among themselves. The students who exhibit shyness and have low self-esteem along with anxiety may have less experience in developing the success in maintaining and developing new relationships with others (Cai and Kivisto 2013, pp. 55-78). The female students have been bought up in a warm and compassionate manner in their country of origin than the men, which shows that they have a better support system than men do. This shows that the female international students may experience few challenges in the society when compared to male counterparts (Pasztor 2015, pp. 832-842). Discrimination and Stereotypes The prejudices and the stereotypes that the national of the host country have with respect to the international students has impeded the ability of these students in developing and maintaining relationships in the host countries. The previous studies conducted by different researchers have shown that the international students who are of Nigerian origin face discrimination on the basis of race and color of the skin, which creates a negative impact, as they try to interact with the national students (Yue, Le and Terry 2014, pp. 10-20). The foreign students who are of European background exhibit normative attitudes and behaviors in countries like United States and United Kingdom, which puts them at a risk of alienation. It is also seen that the African and the Asian students face maximum risks, which has resulted in a higher level of depression among the students than the Asian counterparts have experienced (Gomes et al. 2014, pp. 2-15). The racial discriminations have been difficult for the international students especially those that belong from a racially homogeneous country. These students have not encountered any discrimination with respect to race until they have come to the foreign countries to pursue their higher education, as they become the minorities in those countries. The negative stereotypes that they face are based on two aspects such as neo-racism and racial discrimination, which are based on culture and color respectively (Mestenhauser 2015, pp. 3-15). The local students of the country often have negative impressions of the cultures that are followed by the international students, which create a negative effect on the surrounding environment on a global scale. The Asian and the African students have mostly struggled while performing in their respective schools, which are seen as a negative effect on the inequalities of class when they go to a different country for their educational purpose (Yue, Le a nd Terry 2014, pp. 10-20). The international students who are of African origin has a history of slavery, which is known by the universities and the locals of the developed countries create a negative impact on the foreign students, which leads to cultural shocks. It is seen that the students find themselves within the web of racism, xenophobia and face problems in adjusting to the new environment (Gomes et al. 2014, pp. 2-15). Language proficiency The international students face problem while speaking, as they are unaware of the local languages that is prevalent in the host country. Most of the international students are unable to pass the test of proficiency of language, which causes hindrances for them in understanding the lectures or write reports and is unable to express their ideas to the professors. The proficiency of language is a major factor for success of the international students based on academics (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013, pp. 10-15). Culture The international students face a culture shock that is in terms of the adjusting to the culture in an environment that is not known to them. It is seen that cultural shock occurs on four different levels such as fascination with novelty, beginning to adjust in a new place, hostility and the customs and rituals that they need to accept in the new country. However, it is seen that these stages are not in a sequential manner, as these stages happen one after another during the period of difficulty. The anxiety and stress symptoms that are caused due to cultural shock are inclusive of home depression, sadness, homesickness, and inability to eat may have a negative impact on the health and safety of the students (Alam et al. 2013, pp. 870-874). Academic requirements and expectations The challenges with respect to academics is often called as education shock, which may arise with the difficulties that the international students face regarding the expectation, cultures in the classroom and the relationship between the student and the faculty members in the host countries. These challenges may occur due to the differences in the system of the education, proficiency of language and the cultural difference between the host country and the country of origin of the student (Hughes 2013, pp. 126-146). Financial The international students will experience financial concerns when adjusting to the new environment due to the factor of loneliness. The international students need to attend the universities on a full-time basis and may not get the permit for working in the host country so that they can earn an additional income. The students need to pay the tuition fees, which are relatively higher, as they do not receive any financial help from the government or the international agencies that are present there. This has resulted in stress that happens due to social, academic, cultural and financial challenges that they face, which results directly to a feeling of homesickness and alienation. This has resulted in anxiety, depression and problems that may arise due to lack of hunger and sleep (Bernard 2017, pp. 210-213). Success strategies To ensure the success of the international students, the universities and colleges have taken up the programs that will help the different needs of the international students to be met in an efficient manner. The students need to undergo the administrative paperwork that will ensure them to remain in status and undertake the academic programs like English as a Second Language (ESL) program and the tutors who will assist them in the academic sessions (Zheng 2014, pp. 136-143). The universities and colleges have also started incorporating the cultural programs that will help the students in adapting the new culture. Another form of cultural program will be to conduct workshops on the cultures that are prevalent in the host country so that the seniors of the universities may assist the juniors in understanding the local culture in a better way. These workshops will help the international students in developing and maintaining friendships within the community so that they can share the e xperiences and advice with each other (Van Mol 2014, pp. 3-5). Critical review The research study will help in determining the international students who are going abroad in countries like United Kingdom and United States for pursuing their higher education. The students will face many challenges while adjusting themselves in the new environment. There will be problems such as depression, discrimination and eating disorders, which may result in eating and sleep disorders for the students. The local students of the host country need to help the international students so that they can feel comfortable in adapting to the new environment. The colleges and the universities need to organize workshops and various programs so that the international students can have a better understanding about the culture that is prevalent in the host country. This will help them in adapting to the cultures and combine it with their origin countries so that they can compare it with each other, which will ensure a better rate of reliability between the cultures. The main aim of this chapter is to understand the methodologies that will be used for conducting the research study by using various methods for completing the research and by collecting samples and responses from the target population. This will help in the process of data analysis, which will make the research study authentic. The questionnaire that will be prepared for the study will be distributed among the target population so that the answers that will be provided by them will help in conducting the research in an efficient manner (Mackey and Gass 2015, pp. 16-20). Research design The design for the research needs to be built so that it can help in completing the process in a better manner. The use of different tools and elements will help the research to be conducted in a simple manner. The research process will be conducted using the descriptive type of investigation, as it will help the researcher to gain a better knowledge about the topic and provide better perspectives so that other researchers can use the research in the future (Brinkmann 2014, pp 1008-1010). Area of study The positivism method will be adopted so that the datas that will be collected for the research process can be measured in a better manner. The positivism method will help in testing the hypothesis by analyzing the data so that the outcome can be achieved, as the study will be conducted by analyzing the data in an in-depth manner. Target population The research will be conducted on the various colleges and universities that are in United States. The questionnaire will be distributed among the international students so that they can give their opinion about what they feel as the necessary challenges. Sample Size The research will be conducted by distributing questionnaires among the international students who are studying in the universities and colleges of United States. The target population for the effective study of the research will be to get the reaction of a minimum of 100 students so that the research study can be done in a better way. Sample technique The process of sampling will be to select a part of the population from the entire population so that the data can be collected in a better manner. The research process will be based on non-probability process, as the data will be collected based on random selection. This will help the research to be conducted in a fair manner (Panneerselvam 2014, pp. 4-7). Data collection and analysis The research will be based on qualitative and quantitative study, where the qualitative study will be done based on the interviews that will be collected from the teachers and professors and quantitative data will be collected from the students, which will help in analyzing the data. The analysis of the data will be done using the SPSS software and using the Chi-Square test analysis, which help sin determining the relationship between two associated variables (Flick 2015, pp. 9-18). Ethical considerations While the research will be conducted, the researcher needs to maintain some etiquette so that the surrounding environment is not harmed and the research can be conducted in a proper manner. The researcher needs to be patient while collected the data so that the data collection can be done in a fair and just manner. Apart from this, the researcher needs to abide by the Data Protection Act where the information that is collected by the researcher will not be leaked anyhow. Reference List Abdullah, D., Aziz, M.I.A. and Ibrahim, A.L.M., 2014. A research into international student-related research:(Re) Visualising our stand?.Higher Education,67(3), pp.235-253. Alam, F., Alam, Q., Chowdhury, H. and Steiner, T., 2013. Transnational education: benefits, threats and challenges.Procedia Engineering,56, pp.870-874. Bernard, W.T., 2017.Broadening horizons: International exchanges in social work. Routledge. Brinkmann, S., 2014. Interview. InEncyclopedia of Critical Psychology(pp. 1008-1010). Springer New York. Cai, Y. and Kivist, J., 2013. Tuition fees for international students in Finland: where to go from here?.Journal of Studies in International Education,17(1), pp.55-78. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013.International marketing. Cengage Learning. Deresky, H., 2017.International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India. Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Gomes, C., Berry, M., Alzougool, B. and Chang, S., 2014. Home away from home: International students and their identity-based social networks in Australia.Journal of International Students,4(1), pp.2-15. Hughes, H., 2013. International students using online information resources to learn: Complex experience and learning needs.Journal of Further and Higher Education,37(1), pp.126-146. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Madge, C., Raghuram, P. and Noxolo, P., 2015. Conceptualizing international education: From international student to international study.Progress in Human Geography,39(6), pp.681-701. Mestenhauser, J.A., 2015. On the Hologram of International Education. InInternationalizing higher education(pp. 3-15). SensePublishers. Panneerselvam, R., 2014.Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Psztor, A., 2015. Careers on the move: international doctoral students at an elite British university.Population, Space and Place,21(8), pp.832-842. Ploner, J., 2017. Resilience, moorings and international student mobilitiesExploring biographical narratives of social science students in the UK.Mobilities,12(3), pp.425-444. Sawir, E., 2013. Internationalisation of higher education curriculum: the contribution of international students.Globalisation, Societies and Education,11(3), pp.359-378. Sullivan, C. and Kashubeck-West, S., 2015. The interplay of international students' acculturative stress, social support, and acculturation modes.Journal of International Students,5(1), pp.1-11. Teichler, U., 2014. Opportunities and problems of comparative higher education research: The daily life of research.Higher Education,67(4), pp.393-408. Van Mol, C., 2014.Intra-European student mobility in international higher education circuits: Europe on the move. Springer. Wallace, M. and Dunn, L. eds., 2013.Teaching in transnational higher education: enhancing learning for offshore international students. Routledge. Wu, H.P., Garza, E. and Guzman, N., 2015. International students challenge and adjustment to college.Education Research International,2015. Yue, Y., Le, Q. and Terry, D.R., 2014. Transition to an unfamiliar environment: International students' living experiences in an Australian regional area.Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Student Services Association (JANZSSA), (23), pp.10-20. Zheng, P., 2014. Antecedents to international student inflows to UK higher education: A comparative analysis.Journal of Business Research,67(2), pp.136-143.